Philological information on "Georgian" was prepared by the translation studies division of Dijital Tercüme.
                        
Georgian is a historically shaped language, which is spoken and used as a written language in countries outside Georgia (capital city: Tblisi, population: 5,457,000). Major cities after Tbilisi are, Sukhumi, Kutaisi, Batumi, Poti, Khulo, Alhaltsike, Telavi, Borjomi, Zestafoni, Surami, Zugdidi and Kobuleti. The religion of Georgia is Georgian Orthodox while 10% is Muslim. Georgian belongs to the Caucasian Language Family, and is classified under the Kartvelian group of this family along with Lazi Mingrelian, and Svan. It is the official language of Georgia and the language of education there. Georgian, which has been transforming over the years, reached its recent form in the last century. Modern Georgian has developed in the context of the Kartli dialect (East Georgian) and has been the only language used in literary works since the 5th century. Grammatically, one of its most important characteristics is that nouns have seven different cases. Even though this feature is intimidating for a beginner, after the grammar is learned it becomes a quite an easy language to learn. It is spoken by approximately 5 million people in the world. It is a South Caucasian language. Georgian is also the literary language of the public who speak other South Caucasian languages, such as Svan, Mingrelian, and Laz. Georgian carries the influences of the Asomtavruli alphabet, which was written in stone 2300 years ago, 8 centuries after the Khutsuri alphabet and since the 11th century, the Mkhedruli alphabet has also been influential. According to linguists, there is no definitive information on the development of the Georgian alphabet, however it appears to have developed from the Aramaic alphabet and also has traces of the old Greek alphabet. If analyzed comparatively with world languages, philologists consider it hard to speak. One of the reasons for this is the heavy use of consecutive consonant sounds. Only 5 letters of the 33-letter Georgian alphabet are vowels. 
 
According to linguists, another thing that makes Georgian difficult to learn is that many of the consonants require "throat" sounds. To give an example, there are a few types of the "k", "p" and "t" letters and the sounds of these letters are each hard to pronounce. The verb conjugation is also difficult and even in their plain forms, words have suffixes (in a lot of languages, words in their plain forms do not have any suffixes, yet in Georgian they have an "i" suffix added to the end of the word). Even though it was used in a limited region, it went through many changes historically and as a result has various dialects: Imeretian dialect, Rachan-Lechkhumian dialect, Gurian dialect, Adjarian dialect, Imerkhevian dialect, Kartlian dialect, Kakhetian dialect, Ingiloan dialect, Tushetian dialect, Khevsurian dialect, Mokhevian dialect, Pshavian dialect, Mtiuletian dialect, Fereydanian dialect, Meskhian dialect. One of the features of Georgian is that it has unique words for numbers up to twenty. Unlike one of the leading world languages, German, there is no gender differentiation in verb conjugations for third-person singular forms. In that regard it is close to Turkish. Historically, Georgian emerged as a unique language back in the 1st century BC, when it separated from Laz and Mingrelian. In general, Georgian is the most common of the South Caucasian languages. Because Georgian dates back to very old times, it is very rich as a literary language.